I think if I want to write some software, and I have the knowledge and compute power to do what I want, then I really don't care whether you or some authoritarian committee tells me I'm allowed to run my software. I'm going to do it anyway.
Now think of synthesizing and distributing novel chemical compounds, or using novel medical devices.
Or performing gain-of-function research on pathogens.
What kind of chemical compounds? Drugs? Fine. You can only hurt yourself with those. Same goes for medical devices. Explosives? Now that's a different matter.