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Yes. When TOTP debuted, it was aimed at and designed by security engineers. Keeping secrets on-device was and is correct for serious uses.

Google Authenticator is a victim of its own popularity. Fortunately, the field moved on, and we now have WebAuthn and Passkeys for non-exportable private authentication keys.

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Sadly, WebAuthn is also becoming a victim in the same way (at least on iOS).

The expectation is that WebAuthn private keys are stored in the secure enclave, which would be a comparable security guarantee to YubiKeys and other hardware devices.

"Passkeys" are now forcibly synced via iCloud, you can't use WebAuthn on iOS without enabling iCloud Keychain.

Huh, thanks, I wrongly assumed that Passkeys inherited WebAuthn’s attestations for hardware-backed keys. I guess organizations will need to ban Passkeys internally.

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