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Indeed HLA-B27 only has a partial correlation with diseases such as AxSpa.

"... about 7 percent of Americans are positive for HLA-B27 but only 5 to 10 percent of people with a positive HLA-B27 will have AS" https://creakyjoints.org/about-arthritis/axial-spondyloarthr...

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5 to 10 percent in the general population. If you already have many of the symptoms, but those symptoms are not specific enough to distinguish between similar autoimmune diseases, then the prior is widely different so a test like this becomes much more relevant.

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