Given that there is open source firmware for 3D printers, I’d say no. Also, the “resolution” of 3D printers is not high enough to allow for a tell tale “mark” that was otherwise undetectable.
Now, the only person dumber than a criminal who would think to try this is a store clerk who would accept these. So it is not an effective crime, unless the effect you want is "jail, quickly". But it is nonetheless a real crime.
Not always - it'll often be safer just to accept the "money" and contact the police directly afterwards.