Energy price -> inflation -> central bank raises rates to cause recession [ -> reduced wage/price feedback loop -> reduced inflation ]

The part in square brackets is yet to come.

There is a correlation. Germany has the reputation of being very concerned with inflation, which happens when the amount of money in circulation grows relative to the supply of goods to buy. When there is a supply shock (such as this energy conflict), inflation is the natural result, but a concerned government can respond by increasing interest rates to reduce the amount of money in circulation. That way they get less inflation than they would have otherwise, at the cost of slowing down the economy.

Rates were raised to combat inflation.