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1. Kafka is not really related to Hadoop in any way? Standard unix tools are also way faster than postgres, but we don't use databases or Kafka because of their batch processing performance.

2. Hadoop is used for batch processing and it can be kind of slow, that's true. However the whole point of Hadoop is that you can operate on actually big data, not the 2GB database in the blog post. If it fits on one HDD then you don't need Hadoop and it will just slow you down!

That has nothing to do with Kafka, or Java as a language.

Distributed big data processing systems need big data to actually be useful. Small data that fits on a single machine can also be processed on a single machine, which will always be faster than using a cluster with orchestration, distribution and network overhead.

I don't think you know what Apache is.