Here's an online simulator to see what colorblind people of various types see. Note that if you yourself try this and the colors for one of the examples don't seem to change from the "normal" version, see your eye doc...
It isn't a complete replacement for bracket colorization, but it helps in a lot of cases.
(Not colorblind, I just prefer a grey scale theme for my indent reminders!)
Given that colour blindness is a wide spectrum, I don't know what more people expect VS Code to do here?
Your chosen theme decides the original colours, then you can override them. Isn't that enough?
In practice, though, the reduced color vision combined with the small target that is a bracket (color vision degrades for smaller objects), means that this is of limited usefulness.