2. Use let and modify your types as new ones become available - union them with a new object that contains the new property you need
3. How often are you making recursive types?
I agree that all of this could be made easier, but zod is the best we have and great for most normal usage. The reason TS doesn't want to make this available at runtime is that it means so many changes they make will become breaking changes. Perhaps one day when there's less development on TS we'll see this get added