The payment card industry wouldn't certify this hardware to process credit cards for a mom-and-pop online business, yet these guys use it like their bank? Come again?
Why would a hosting provider take on the liability of what you host on it? If the underlying filesystem had an error that Linode could avoid and you lost data, would you expect them to replace the value that was lost? Why is it not limited (at most) to the value of the VPS itself? (I can't imagine them compensating for hardware failure either).
OP's expectation was that Linode should have unlimited liability where no guarantee on their part has been made. If you expect Linode to take on the risk then you would want (and probably need) that in writing.
Otherwise, you take on the risk: which would be true wherever you hosted it without any guarantees regardless of whether it's a VPS, dedicated server, or your basement.
EDIT: first report from bitcoinica was "over 10k btc". Most recent report is 43,554 BTC, which would be worth almost $200k if liquidated on MtGox at the moment.
And some selling is going on: http://bitcoincharts.com/charts/mtgoxUSD#rg1ztgSzm1g10zm2g25...
1337000000000.00 1 (1) 272981 1405085033491As a policy, it would neither be good business nor appropriate for Linode to assume all of the risk in a situation like this.
Also, if Linode did put a policy in place to assume some of the risk (some sort of insurance policy) they open themselves up to scams (just get your friend to rob your bitcoins and cash in on Linode's good will insurance policy).
Creates a precedent and greater future liability.