At least in principle, for a patent to be valid it must be enabling. If other words, someone "of ordinary skill in the field" should be able to read the patent and implement it. If there's not enough information in the patent to be enabling, then a patent court should find it is invalid. Of course the patent system is pretty broken, especially when patent cases are tried by jury, but that's how it is supposed to work.

Patents protect commercial interests of intellectual property. But this is fundamental physics that hasn't made it out of the lab yet, so any lack of reproducible research is an enormous red flag. In many jurisdictions it shouldn't even have been granted in the first place, but patent offices are notoriously bad throughout heavily lobbied western nations.