By asking to have your data through a GDPR request you are effectively giving to the receiver of the request:
1) your full name
2) your phone number
3) your e-mail
i.e. basically a confirmation that both the phone number and e-mail are good/active/attended and that they are yours (and that you "exist"), while the data they may already have likely is only the telephone number and the patterns of its usage.
I have no idea how it could be possible to make a valid request without providing this kind of info (i.e. providing only the phone number, which they already have).
Maybe a sort of (public/certified) authorization service?