IBM pioneered the “embrace, extend and extinguish” approach to using their monopoly in mainframes to kill off competition in PCs. Intel and Microsoft then took over as monopolists after the consent decree restricted IBM. These were then restricted by the US government as well: AMD was founded with assistance from the US military to allow Intel chips to meet dual-source requirements, and the federal settlement with Microsoft saved Apple from oblivion.

Our current generation of monopolists - Google, Meta, Oracle, Amazon, and still Apple - will they likewise be taken down by government anti-monopoly efforts or allowed to continue indefinitely like major banks? We shall see.