I guess it depends on your docking station, phone, and what SoC and video output chip it has and less on the Android build.
I plugged my OnePlus 7T running Android 12, in my 4k monitor via a USB-C to DisplayPort cable and the monitor reports 4k@60Hz resolution, and the phone is from 2019, so high resolution is definitely possible and frankly that's pretty amazing that this feature exists and it works this well (suck it iPhone :p)
AFAIK, other android phones, like Pixels, don't have DisplayPort via USB-C output capability or might be limited to lower resolutions. What phone do you have? Try plugging to DisplayPort directly without the dock.
Fairphone 4, which should support DP over USB-C, but I do not have a USB-C to DP cable at the moment to try. Thanks for your suggestion :)