For example, when my phone receives a call from my own phone number am I going to sue myself? There is no way to track down the actual caller in most cases.
You have to sound like a potential buyer (sucker) in order for them to properly identify themselves.
This is true for Auto Warranty, Medicare, Timeshares, etc. robocallers.
The most successful persona unfortunately is that of a slightly senile senior citizen. Senile enough that you seem gullible to the caller, but believable that you have enough money and sense to continue with the transaction.
Unfortunately - when they're calling, they also seem to have all your personal info, and know your name and how old you are. So I put on my best senile guy voice, they confirm my name, and then they hang up.
It's actually quite concerning!
So while sometimes the information is legitimate - especially if you’re not opted out of the major internet people search engines (ref optery which is a yc graduate company) - but you can also “poison the well” enough to get your fake persona disseminated.
I'm not a lawyer, but even though the foreign scam call company illegally called you, I don't believe the US based company is liable for anything because the scammers make you agree to be transferred to a Medicare licensing office.
They almost certainly don't have ALL the information, but they'll know which carrier sent them the call, who can then look into it... and on back to the source carrier.
So there isn't even a phone number to trace.