> - "Linux" is bad because Android is Linux.

If you are being precise, Android is not Linux (and neither is Debian for that matter). It is an operating system that uses the Linux kernel.

> The best I've been able to come up with is something like "user-controlled Linux" or "community OS" or even just "not Android", but I'd really prefer a better term.

Here is my proposal, we continue to call operating systems like those "Linux" and call operating systems like Android and ChromeOS "Operating systems that use the Linux kernel".

No reason to give the common and useful definition an awkward name like "Community OS" just to allow the abberant cases to continue to reside within the "Linux" definition.