Applying patches is, admittedly, a little more awkward, but it can still be done in two or three steps from thunderbird (including invoking `git am`) and, I understand, some newer email clients can handle this much much better.
> It makes vastly more sense to transmit a patch attached to the specific code base state that it is intended to modify:
This is no longer a problem. `git send-email` (and `git format-patch`, if you prefer to call it directly) has for a while supported a `--base=auto` or the `format.useAutoBase` configuration option to attach the upstream commit ID to the patch. To my knowledge this is currently only to help the maintainer understand its context but there is ongoing discussion of ways to automatically use this information.