For the former, Rama has a class called "InProcessCluster" that works identically to a real cluster. It enables Rama applications to be tested and experimented with end-to-end. There's an example of this in the post and this is what we're releasing next week.
For the latter, Rama can be run on a single node with each daemon and module being a separate process. We made it really easy to launch single-node Rama instances with just a couple commands with the "rama" script that comes with the release. That said, we haven't spent much time yet optimizing small-scale Rama deployments and there's likely things we can do to make it more efficient (e.g. combine the Conductor and Supervisor daemons into a single process).
It's the ability to avoid the impedance mismatches which dominate existing tooling that makes such a difference. With existing databases, including RDBMS's, you have to twist your application to fit their data models. The existence of things like ORMs help, but they add their own layers of complexity.
With Rama, you mold your indexes to exactly match your application's needs. And you're always just working with objects represented however you want, whether appending data to depots, processing data in ETLs, or storing data in PStates.
That computation and storage are integrated and colocated is another way that Rama simplifies application development and deployment.