This style of doing things is very common in languages with a (good) REPL, think clojure or ipython. You keep sending snippets and iterating on them until they work as intended. For that, you don't need the full context of your program.
Not a LISPer but apparently in that land you could actually have the program running and a REPL attached to it, in which case, you actually do have all the program at your disposal.