But about most "close work" being work which requires your eyes to focus on details, which in turn reduce the amount you blink, which in turn dries out your eyes which in turn can negatively affects it over a long time in various ways.
In children there is also the additional factor that part of their organs are potentially still developing and various external factors might nudge such development in bad directions. Through idk if that applies here.
Lastly some degree of sightedness is your brains ability to process the signals it gets, that part can sometimes, especially in children, make exact diagnosis surprisingly harder. You can sometimes observe this yourself if you have glasses, look with glasses at a text which without glasses you are barely not able to read. Then take of glasses and observe that while you initially are barely not able to read it after some time your brain tends to adapt and make it barely readable. So there is some chance that children brains might just have learned less to process far away signals, without their physical eye sight being change. Through I don't have time to find/read the study implicitly linked through the newspaper to check there methodology to check if it could have affected the study or if it couldn't have.
I've seen studies explaining their findings as the muscles getting used to only focusing near, as a sort of range of motion thing. One study grouped kids based on the amount of time spent outdoors vs indoors (as a rough proxy of focusing on distant vs only on near things) and showed a statistical difference in myopia rates between the groups.
You should go see a doctor if you have that much pain or strain. Your vision likely isnt as good as you think.
Not sure I follow what your point is about sleeping. Some folks may indeed rub their eyes unconsciously while they sleep, but that doesn't mean it's healthy.
Vision works differently at different distances. I have "20/20 vision" (see distant objects at least as well as average), but I also am practically unable to read small print, need reading glasses to read for more than 15 minutes or to read a backlit Kindle in the dark, I sometimes get eye strain headaches if I don't wear my computer glasses, and I'm suffering from glaucoma which, if untreated, will make me blind in a way where I'll likely retain 20/20 vision for a very long time while losing peripheral vision, contrast, and ability to read for more than 15 minutes.
The eye, and the nervous system it feeds, is a complex system with various failure modes.
If you have eye strain, go see an optician. If they think you should also see an ophthalmologist, do that too. If any of your parents/their siblings/grandparents developed glaucoma, and you're 40+ years, go see an ophthalmologist and tell them who all was affected, it's hereditary.
there was on brand of missproduced (I think TVs) which did actually had radiation issues ;=)
through the whole bad eyesight from sitting to close to a TV things was basically nonsense
they main issue which can cause strain and long term eyesight issues is from blinking to little and in turn getting to dry eyes which could lead to microscopic damage which can accumulate over the years AFIK
This is probably why your method works => you close the eye and force production of some tears .
Through eyeballs are sensitive and anything involving "spots appear in the vision" tends to be a bad idea, so I would personally refrain from doing so. Just "strongly" closing the eyes without involving your hands tend to be good enough for facilitating some tear production.