And re ex-engineer H1Bs: just because you used to be an individual contributor before becoming management does not imply you retain your individual contributor skills nor that you'll be a good manager.
Most people across my career that became managers did so because the pay was better, workload was lower and promotion ladder more straightforward. Worst managers were usually the type that expected and demanded to be management after X years as an individual contributor; this is particularly true of people from some countries, where it is culturally expected that you'll be a manager within at most 10 years of starting.
Most companies do treat moving to the management ladder as a promotion, which create all sorts of perverse incentives for many to become managers. Reminds me of a blog from a few years back:
https://charity.wtf/2020/09/06/if-management-isnt-a-promotio...
So instead, bring back the secretaries. A separate org vertical (i.e., they don't have hiring/firing power over ICs), which handles the secretarial half of your current managers' jobs, and isn't paid more than your engineers. The engineering decision-making half of the job (along with hire/fire power) should be handed over to one or two senior engineers, who are now the actually powerful ones in the engineering branch of your org chart. This keeps your technically talented people working in technical roles. Basically, instead of
C-suite C-Suite
/ \ / \
M M EM SM
/ \ / \ / \ / \
M M M M E ES S
/ \ / \ / \ / \
E EE EE EE EFurther, I also think that EMs need to then become more technical aka a real "leader" of the services they are responsible for. So hiring, firing, perf, BS meetings becomes only 5% of their job. 95% of their job is to ensure that services keep running and projects get delivered - like a true leader. ES can help them and ICs with administrative tasks like HR follow ups, OKR tracking, meeting scribing etc.
I can't believe how much work is being done by low level EMs and ICs in tech companies. It is almost exploitative in one way.
It’s pretty common ATM for product managers to not have direct programming or software backgrounds and instead have a career like “MBB consultant -> MBA -> product manager”. Big tech companies also insource a lot of “strategy consulting” which are MBA types. And marketing/biz dev have plenty of MBAs too.
While someone like a “director of engineering” probably doesn’t have an MBA, there’s a good chance their boss does (especially since these days VPs seem to mostly be former product managers rather than former software engineers).
By the way, Tim Cook, Satya Nadella, Sundar Pichai, Andrew Jassy, and Cheryl Sandberg all have American MBAs.