That's indeed a problem, but I don't think it's the most pressing one, since it's common to the majority of widely-used languages.
I don't think so.
Both C and C++ are specified in international standards. That's the gold standard.
Java has very concrete versioning and specification process.
Python is also exemplary in its release and versioning process.
C# even breaks down versioning in terms of both CLR and fundamental frameworks.
Exactly which widely used language do you think is missing from that list?
You're now listing languages, such as Python, that don't have a specification, so it is unclear what your criticism actually is.
By python's standards, Rust is very good: a lot fewer breaking changes (changes are tested against the entire, huge, open source ecosystem to check if they are breaking, I think this level of testing is unparalleled), the release and versioning process is extremely clear (one minor release every six weeks, patch releases to address unexpected regressions + security issues), and it also have a really well specified evolution process through the RFC process.