It’s progressive, from 0% to 45%.
A rule of thumb is “a month of salary”
As an expat who used to work in California and now works in the Netherlands, tax wise it's about the same. With the 30% ruling + a lower overall income I've actually been able to offload a lot of stock and diversify into real estate without being over taxed. So ymmv
I've been able to leverage our FAANG bucks into a lot more real estate over here in 3 years. To get the same amount of property in the bay it would have taken me more than 10 years even making FAANG money.
Taxes and levies don't seem to be that different, overall you always seem to pay about 50 % of gross income in developed countries.
Americans do love their taxes. They still take a cut even if you live and work overseas.