This is not a Linux problem. The Linux system call binary interface is documented as stable. It's user space libraries like glibc that break backwards compatibility. There's nothing Linux can do about that.
I've written more about this here:
I've written more about this here:
s/backward/forward/
The commlaint here is that the older glibc on Debian 11 doesn't run programs built against a newer glibc under Debian 12.
glibc has very good backward compatibility, with careful symbol versioning and whatnot.
Backward compatibility means that a newer glibc (like in Debian 12) will handle programs requesting the older glibc (e.g. from Debian 11).
Not in my experience. Working through exercises in Practical Binary Analysis, the first problem I needed to solve was running programs compiled against an older glibc on older Ubuntu on a new Ubuntu version with newer glibc, which boiled down to hunting down the glibc so from the older Ubuntu. Without it, the programs crashed on startup. That problem wasn’t even planned by the book author, but it sure was a good thematic fit. :)