Yes, but the modifications that are possible are limited by what the API of the package manager provides. Like Windows Installer does. If that doesn't work you create custom install uninstall logic, which has the potential to be less robust/reliable than what the package manager provides.
Regardless, installation on Linux is often just dropping some files somewhere and perhaps a modprobe.
In Windows you have so many things you can do: filesystem, registry, COM registration, GAC, file associations, etc.
registry -> dconf
com registration -> dbus objects
gac -> shared libs
file associations -> dconf settings
windows scheduler entries -> systemd user sessionAnd the GAC isn't really comparable, perhaps WinSxS is comparable, but the GAC requires a specific API and isn't a matter of just dropping a file in /usr/lib.