> Dynamically typed programs have much simpler structures and are much easier to reason about and test than their static typed counterparts.

That just makes no sense. Both programs have the same underlying structure, but it's hidden in dynamic languages. Having no compiler and type system makes reasoning much more difficult, there is no discussion about that.

> The larger the program you write with static typing, the worse it becomes compared to it's dynamically typed counterpart.

Again, that's just not the case: try refactoring Python code without type hints in a large code base. It takes a lot more time and effort and you can never be sure you caught all the cases affected by changes. The compiler tells you about every change needed to be made to arrive at a working state.