For example, The US government healthcare spending per capita is 2.5X (250%) that of France- ($10.5K vs $4K per person), and France gets a universal national health insurance for that price, and the US gets medicare and medicaid. [1,2] Yes- you read that right, and it is still true if you adjust for PPP.
The same phenomenon holds true across almost every aspect of US government spending.
Look at infrastructure. The cost to build subways and light rail in the US is 2-7 times higher than in Europe. [3]
Look at defense. US spends ~300% as much as France, which is actually higher than most western European countries.[4]
From a purely numerical sense, the US can't overcome an efficiency problem by raising taxes and throwing more money at it.
1 https://stats.oecd.org/Index.aspx?DataSetCode=SHA
2 https://www.cms.gov/data-research/statistics-trends-and-repo....
3 https://www.nextbigfuture.com/2018/01/subways-and-light-rail....
4 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_military_....