Web browsers. The idea of "programming with markup language" meant a focus on writing text in order to get anything to work. There were some initial attempts at trying to make a WYSIWYG to wrestle with html and javascript, and later css, but the underlying markup, and bizarre web page rendering rules, made WYSIWYGs horrible for making anything other than the ugliest Geocities pages. As more and more programs moved from native to the web, programmers were forced to write more code by hand. Eventually by 2010 there began a "coder culture" where technology was seen as inferior if it wasn't 10,000 lines written by hand with 20 frameworks that no single person could completely comprehend. Add to that the fact that programmers were rapidly becoming bootcamp-driven MBA dropouts looking to get a startup off the ground, and the culture gets ever more ingrained by people who don't know the history of what came before or how easy things used to be or why.