A near-perfect example is Qualcomm's switch of its Snapdragon SOCs to 64-bit to catch up to Apple with its SD 808 and 810 lineup. But those were notorious for overheating and it wasn't until the later SD 820 and 835 - but by then Apple's A-series performance lead was significantly greater.
Also others noted, hardware performance is only 1/2 of the equation - the software OS, drivers, and apps all also need to be optimized. Microsoft seems to be perennially struggling in its Windows-to-ARM transition so certainly doesn't help matters.
The dark horse is the ongoing ARM-Qualcomm lawsuit to unwind its Nuvia acquisition and prevent the IP from being used in future products. If that comes to fruition, then guaranteed there'll be huge delays.