On the normative question of blaming groups, it’s like that imposter Spider-Man meme of each person pointing at the other. Hospitals charge 10x the actual market price and health insurance boasts on your explanation of benefits that they got you a 90% discount. Americans demand cutting edge maximum intervention perfectly safe treatment with no formal government rationing, or HMO rationing.
Health care is a for profit sector. Fees are paid by third parties (so patients are not directly exposed to routine costs). There is heavy quality regulation. Providers are incentivized to treat more through fee for service so the sicker you get and the more procedures they perform the more revenue they earn (perverse incentive). There is no counterweight to negotiate prices down. The end result is 7% medical inflation per year.