Grist is more like Airtable, a spreadsheet/database hybrid.
Regular spreadsheets give you a number of independently configured cells, which gives you maximum flexibility, but becomes inconvenient when you want tables instead: have a fixed structure, enforce column types and validations, implement row-level access control, or join them together.
You can say it’s a type of no-code tool, enabling you to build a CRUD app with a spreadsheet-like interface. Their website even features demos like “lightweight CRM” and “class enrollment”.