You'd take this thing or something like it, set the DIP switches/solder bridges/jumpers appropriately, get a few 2.1x5.5 (or appropriate) barrel jack to screw terminal adapters, wrap it and a couple wires in heat shrink and hot glue it to the back of your HDD/RPi/etc, and have a USB-C plug to power your HDD adapter.
EDIT: Oh damn, this doesn't do 5V, which is what I need the most :(
And there are definitely 5v options, like these:
That's what many simple early USB-C chargers used to do in order to supply 15W without full PD signalling.
But what would you call such a product, other than "5V PD trigger"?