Three notes:

1. The SafeInt class helps detecting integer overflows:

http://safeint.codeplex.com/

Also, most SafeInt binary operators do not allow for mixing of SafeInts for different integer types.

2. Valgrind helps with detecting use of uninitialized memory.

3. A (rather ugly) solution to prevent accidental use of = rather than == when a constant expression is used, is to make the constant expression the first operand. E.g.:

    if (0 = x) // fail!