I don't know about Bhutan but street animals (mostly dogs & cats) is very common in Turkiye. From cultural point of view we see them as real residents of the place, we are taking up their land. So we are committed to treat them and feel responsible for their care as well. From a practical point of view, like other commentators suggested, they take care of the habitat - cats prevent rodents from going overpopulated etc. And they are cute and friendly and nice to have around!

In India, it's because a very prominent MP (and aunt of INC Rahul Gandhi / daughter in law of former PM Indira Gandhi) in the BJP is a massive dog lover and militantly opposed to regulating the stray population. [0][1]

[0] - https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/People_for_Animals

[1] - https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/meerut/retired-doct...

[2] - https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/in-other-news/060323/...

Countries for sure aren't like "Let's have a population of rabid stray dogs. Wouldn't it be nice". Although they can be useful as they get rid of animal carcasses on the streets. But they have to be taken care of, else there numbers become overwhelming and they might pick up and spread rabies.

Nobody's need to have street dog population, it just happens and requires significant resources to deal with.

Are you asking where stray dogs come from?