I can't find an equivalent for Go. https://github.com/sqlc-dev/sqlc and https://github.com/sqlc-dev/sqlc look nice, but they are doing codegen, definitely not as sleek as Rust sqlx.
I guess it's a good example of how powerful Rust is. The "magic" that sqlx does at compile time gets really difficult if not impossible to do without macros.
Of course you could create a separate parser/builder, and codegen works as well, but definitely not as convenient and flexible.