Margin rates are something like 13% right now. You might get lucky and see SPY do better than 13% a year, but you are risking a lot. People would not buy a primary residence at that rate, for example, and you can live inside that while you pay off the loan.
If you want to trade on margin, IBKR offers 5.83-6.83% [1] going down as you borrow more. They also pay 4.83% on idle cash.
With that said, you'd probably be better off with UPRO or SPXL for longer-duration holds (since your losses cannot exceed your investment) - and /ES or /MES for short-term holding since futures contracts are 60% long term capital gains treatment no matter how long you hold them.
> People would not buy a primary residence at that rate, for example, and you can live inside that while you pay off the loan.
If that's your benchmark we know people are paying more than 5.83% for 30-year fixed ;)
[1] https://www.interactivebrokers.com/en/trading/margin-rates.p...