OP, this might be hard to hear but you are the problem. Your attitude and communication approach is clearly out of line. If you can't support the CTO and you can't influence them then there's no other option than for you to quit.
If you are passive-aggressively tagging your CTOs ADRs then you could be part of the problem.
As an outsider, it would be hard to judge if this is just normal power-level/management bureaucracy stuff or unique to the CTO.
Everything your saying sounds fairly common TBH.
Saying he is the problem is just as non-constructive as saying I'm the problem.
People aren't problems, they're people.
Rather, I have a "me and my CTO" problem.
Judging by how my senior colleagues handle this by saying "it's just a job" and not get upset, I can see how their "me and my CTO" problems are much smaller and don't overheat on a daily basis. However, since my ambitions don't align with saying "it's just a job", I am still looking for other options. Quitting is on the list, so thank you for spelling it out.
Not sure if it's a possibility or something you even want, but it sounds like you're invested and have thoughts around the role.
Maybe if it comes to quitting..before you do that have a conversation with the CEO about taking on the role?