Like some others have said, the Turing Test is more a human mimicry test than a test of intelligence or consciousness. We humans love to anthropomorphize, so tricking us into believing a machine is human shouldn't be how we gauge the effectiveness of our AI.

I ran across these "Fundamental Principles of Cognition" that might do a better job:

Principle 1. Object Identification (Categorization)

Principle 2. Minimal Parsing ("Occam’s Razor")

Principle 3. Object Prediction (Pattern Completion)

Principle 4. Essence Distillation (Analogy Making)

Principle 5. Quantity Estimation and Comparison (Numerosity Perception)

Principle 6. Association-Building by Co-occurrence (Hebbian Learning)

Principle 6½. Temporal Fading of Rarity (Learning by Forgetting)

See: http://www.foundalis.com/res/poc/PrinciplesOfCognition.htm

Also, Hofstadter suggests some similar "essential abilities for intelligence".

1. To respond to situations very flexibility.

2. To make sense out of ambiguous or contradictory messages.

3. To recognize the relative importance of different elements of a situation.

4. To find similarities between situations despite differences, which may separate them.

5. To draw distinctions between situations despite similarities, which may link them.