The only sure protection available is wearing a properly fitted N95 respirator in public spaces. Unfortunately this is a tall ask for most people.
I ... am not 100% about that and can't afford mistakes so I wear a PAPR with a HEPA filter in public spaces and hate the world for forcing me to do so. (It's a Cleanspace Halo.)
If you can afford something fancier, great. My above comment was to differentiate N95s from surgical/cloth masks as well as vaccines, because these latter methods are not enough to stop transmission, and repeated infections increase the risk of Long COVID / PASC complications.
By now the research (as interpreted by experts, not internet randos) have coelesced around the fact that a properly fitted N95 provides the wearer adequate protection against SARS-CoV-2 transmission.
There has been a push to drive false information around this basic topic as one of the many tactics to force the "back to normal" behavior that capital demands. Mass media trying to suggest lesser masks (and/or vaccines) are sufficient, resulting in false "all masks don't work" conclusions, etc.
As for how long? Forever. Y'all got used to seat belts , you can get used to masks. Or, at least until we have ensured clean air ... everywhere. Which won't be any time soon but it is doable.
It's easy for people to falsely reassure themselves that it's safe to follow capital's "back to normal" messaging, especially since it's instinctively what everybody wants to do and by most counts are doing in 2023.
But the recommendations of that subreddit are in line with the most recent scientific consensus among epidemiologists and other relevant subfields. Blindly write these findings off as "anxiety disorders" at your own peril.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1957%E2%80%931958_influenza_pa...
https://insights.som.yale.edu/insights/the-history-of-the-fo...