Well, I'm out of my depth, but it doesn't seem entirely inaccurate to say their their node advantage allowed them to sort of throw lots of hardware (transistors) at the problem.
https://www.anandtech.com/show/16226/apple-silicon-m1-a14-de...
What really defines Apple’s Firestorm CPU core
from other designs in the industry is just the
sheer width of the microarchitecture. Featuring
an 8-wide decode block, Apple’s Firestorm is by
far the current widest commercialized design in
the industry.
For a list of relative transistor counts among CPUs:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transistor_count
Perhaps more to the point, I think the onus would be on somebody who claims Apple
is doing something uniquely spectacular with their chips, other than simply capitalizing on a massive transistor count and power efficiency advantage made possible by their node advantage.
By the way, I'm not knocking what Apple has achieved. I recently upgraded from an 2018 Intel MBP to a 2021 M1 Max MBP. And, holy smokes. This thing is fast and it is effortlessly fast. I have been running all 10 cores pretty hard for the job I'm currently doing. I am absolutely beyond impressed.
But, from an engineering standpoint, it's definitely worth wrapping our heads around what Apple has and has not achieved here. I don't think they have any magic fairy dust or special sauce.