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> illustrates this reality being true for hash functions (where similar principles as symmetric and asymmetric encryption apply)

I think you're making a bit of confusion. hash functions are part of symmetric key cryptography, while asymmetric cryptography is public key cryptography that is very different from hash functions.

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No. Hash functions can be used outside of symmetric encryption. Which is the wording I used.

In any case, the overall point remains. Short of the one time pad you can’t build a provably flawless scheme.

They can be used outside symmetric encryption, e.g. in signature schemes, but the hashing primitives are part of symmetric cryptography.

Again, I didn’t say symmetric cryptography :)

You talked about symmetric encryption.

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