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> If you want to be pedantic -- in theory C++ can never be the fastest systems language possible because of the language's rules about aliasing.

True but the only practical competitor is Rust, and they gain some alias information (mut) and lose other aliasing information (type punning is fully allowed in unsafe code all the time).

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Not so, unsafe code still has restrictions in Rust due to pointer provenance. You can override these restrictions but it's very much an explicit operation, the default is that pointers with incompatible provenance will not alias. This is how Rust models its equivalent to TBAA, and the concept is spreading to C/C++ as well.

> Not so, unsafe code still has restrictions in Rust due to pointer provenance.

That's separate from what I'm referring to. In C++ a float* and an int* can never alias. In Rust f32* and u32* are allowed to. Meaning in a situation where whether they can alias can't be established by provenance (e.g. in a separately compiled function where the compiler at compilation time can't tell where the float and int came from) then C++ is able to use types to rule out aliasing, but Rust cannot.

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