Google, NYT, Amazon, et al. have data caching and it conceptually works in the same way as the idea of named data networking (on of the names of the idea above).

However, named data networking would push a cache to every network device between the requester and the provider for every piece of data. Unless an attacker is very close to the provider, they won't be able to take down the resource. The best they could do is take down the resource for themselves and their nearest neighbors.