Note that I do not work for Google and have never even applied. I have no knowledge of their interviewing process and can only speak to my own experiences and prejudices.
I can't say that you wouldn't pass a Google interview, but right now, you likely wouldn't pass an interview I gave without knowledge of data structures. Algorithms are problem-specific, but data structures (arrays/lists, trees, hashtables, graphs) are universal. If you get your data structured properly, in many cases it's of trivial importance which algorithm you use to operate on that data. I don't care about big-O performance beyond a back-of-the-envelope calculation. I don't care about someone knowing the ins-and-outs of A* search, but I do care if they've never heard of a graph. I care very much if I'm going to have to explain to you the difference between a hashtable and a list (as I did on Friday to one of our front-end engineers who thought he'd do some work on our API...).It's not a difficult gap in knowledge to fill, but it's an important one.