Why can't you just put the equivalent of `(repl)` wherever you want to debug and drop into your REPL?
I remember the Lua C API exposes a lot of information, but I didn’t think it was accessible from scripts. Of course, it was a long time ago and I could have easily missed something at the time. Happy to be corrected!
Edit: you might also run into difficulties trying to redefine non-global functions to add the call to “repl”.