When I use python on my microcontroller, it's really just configuring and driving peripherals like the ESP32 RMT. But I have implemented interrupt handlers that handle microsecond-level timing events in python (closed loop camera/light flash/stepper motors). The only reason this works is modern microcontrollers have tons of CPU and memory.

I had a python-based game of life that drove a 16x16 LED panel but the frame rate wasn't very good so I rewrote it in C++.