I briefly tried writing an SDR tuner in JavaScript a while back but there was a bug somewhere between Chrome and my SDR dongle that meant it failed whenever you tried to tune to a different frequency. I might pick it back up and see if it's possible now.
If you're interested in near-realtime weather images without having to fiddle with SDR, NASA collate images from loads of different satellites at https://worldview.earthdata.nasa.gov/ and so do EUMETSAT at https://view.eumetsat.int/productviewer?v=default#
I used the EUMETSAT data to build this service which provides 3-hourly cloud maps for the whole Earth, which are surprisingly difficult to find: https://github.com/matteason/live-cloud-maps