Why Are People Unhealthy?
obito.blog
obito.blog
There was an article on HN the other day showing that after you gain weight and lose it, it's difficult to keep it off because you don't feel full easily and feel hungry more often. So if you were fat as a kid, you're at a huge disadvantage later on in life.
It's "easy" to live on a SW engineering salary where you can afford whatever food you want, after being raised by parents that fed you good food and not be fat.
It's much harder when you grew up fat, working a minimum wage job and living in a food desert.
What is a concrete example of such a place?
There's a nearby Dollar General, which is fine for processed food and sodas, but you have to go 20 miles away to a grocery store with proper fresh food.
Here's an article from 2015. Things have seemingly not gotten better:
https://wvpublic.org/whats-an-appalachian-food-desert-and-wh...
Access to fresh fruit and veg in West Virginia is mostly a problem in the rural areas from what I can tell (and by searching for "fruit and vegetable" or "supermarket" on google maps).
Would teaching people how to grow their own fresh produce in the rural areas work?
My argument isn't that it's impossible to be healthy in such places, just that it's harder.
Need examples. I've lived on 50K for 4 years and it was perfectly manageable.
They say men think about sex every 7 seconds. For me it is thinking about eating every 7 seconds. It is all-consuming and short-circuiting within the brain. A constant non-stop drumbeat in my brain telling me to eat eat eat eat eat eat eat. That would be fine if I ever felt full, but I rarely do - it feels like I have no "off switch". At least as an alcoholic you can go cold turkey and do total abstinence, but you can't go cold turkey on food since you need to eat something, and for me eating is a trigger that just makes me want to eat more and more and more. My will power is at its absolute limits keeping me in the "overweight" BMI range rather than obese and above - it's hard! Perhaps I need therapy or surgery.
Worth mentioning in case an alcoholic reads this and thinks it's a good idea to try:
It is, in fact, a really bad idea, because it can kill you.
I don't know how to pick a good link, so simply search "alcohol cold turkey lethal" and pick any of the non-blog links you can find. There's plenty.
Alcohol withdrawal should be done under medical supervision.
Elevated insulin levels make you store energy in the form of body fat. In order to lose body fat you need the opposite: you need your fat tissue to release its store energy back into your bloodstream. For that to happen you need your insulin to go down low enough, and for long enough.
So what makes your insulin level to be too high? There are four key factors, three of which are under your control.
First, the fatter you are, the higher your insulin level will be. That's why it is so hard for fat people to lose weight in the first place. Nothing we can do about that, but the next three factors you can improve.
Second, the amount of carbohydrates in your diet. Starchy or sugary foods, such as bread, pasta, rice, potatoes and sugar, are very rich in carbohydrates. Carbohydrates raise your insulin levels, so you want to reduce them as much as possible. In order to prevent hunger you still need to eat, so choose foods that will not raise your insulin as much. This means eating above-ground vegetables, eggs, meat, fish and full-fat dairy like butter, heavy cream, and cheese. Choose fatty cuts of meat, instead of lean cuts.
Third, eat less frequently. Insulin levels go down a few hours after each meal. The fatter you are, the longer they take to come down. Every night as you fast during your sleep, your insulin goes down. By having early dinners and/or skipping breakfast, you extend the number of hours a day in which you are in a low-insulin state. When you consume a meal do eat until you are satisfied. Skipping meals isn't about reducing your calories, it's about reducing your insulin. When you eat a low-carbohydrate diet it becomes much easier to skip breakfast because you aren't nearly as hungry.
Fourth, if you can, introduce some exercise into your daily routine. You don't need to go crazy: you can replace some or all of your commute with walking or cycling and it will help. It is not about how many calories you burn exercising in a particular day. Instead, it's about how over a long period of time exercise makes your muscles more insulin sensitive. This means they become more efficient at eliminating excess glucose from your bloodstream, which in turn makes your body release less insulin, and thus reduce the amount of time you will have excess insulin.
Sources: Dr. Benjamin Bikman, Dr. Jason Fung, Gary Taubes, and many others.
The "how" of releasing fat that you've laid out here is a really excellent explanation -- a lot of trends like intermittent fasting gets these results, but there's not enough discussion about the how/why laid out like you just have.
Would you mind sharing some of the resources you built this view from? You noted some sources below, but if you've got some more specific stuff you looked at, would love to read it.
"The obesity code" by Jason Fung. It talks about the causes of obesity (spoiler: hyperinsulinemia) and provides practical advice on how how reducing carbohydrates and intermittent fasting can help.
"The case for keto" by Gary Taubes. Is an enjoyable read that not only covers the extensive evidence of how excess insulin leads to gaining body fat, but also how we ended up culturally terrified of dietary fat and dietary cholesterol.
If you have already managed to become lean through a low-carbohydrate diet and/or intermittent fasting, then I do recommend following the peer-reviewed research published by Nicholas Norwitz (he also has a YouTube channel for laypeople).
Ultimately, what leads me to this eating pattern is my own difficulty managing my body weight when I don't. If I could stay lean, healthy and satiated with a mixed diet that included some rice, bread, potatoes and pasta, I would go for it.
Many people do just fine with some carbohydrates in their diet. I used to as well, when I was younger. These days, I can either take significant steps to reduce my insulin levels or I slowly creep towards obesity and metabolic syndrome.
Most of the anecdotal data is right on though -- cravings are lessened, you stay full emptier (the result of delayed gastric emptying), and should even think about food less.
This factually incorrect on two counts. 1. Sugar (Glucose) is fundamental to the functioning of the body. 2. Everyone does not know. Nor do they agree.
Fructose is mostly converted by the liver and much of the energy obtained from it is used to synthesize fat.
In moderate quantities, fructose should cause no bad effects, but in excessive quantities it causes various problems, like fatty liver, as it has been known for millennia, because the method of producing foie gras is based on this (i.e. overfeeding geese with sweet fruits, but the same method would also work on humans).
For humans it is recommended to avoid a daily intake of more than 25 g fructose or 50 g sugar (sucrose).
When the main source of sugar are fruits it is not easy to eat more sugar than recommended, because most fruits have only around 10% sugar. Only a few fruits have over 15% sugar, e.g. grapes, (fresh) figs and (fresh) dates, and even with those you have to eat generous amounts before eating too much fructose.
On the other hand, with dried fruits or with food with added sugar or HFCS, it has become extremely easy to eat too much fructose.
The effects of fructose can be compared with those of alcohol, even if they are much less severe. In small quantities, both are sources of energy, but in too large quantities they both damage the liver. Fructose does not have effects on the nervous system and it becomes harmful only at higher daily intakes, but nonetheless it must not be abused.
And I wonder if that’s a result of an unconscious bias because what is perceived as attitudes towards eating and exercise related choices, are seen more so as just that, choices. Where as issues relating to something unhealthy like substance abuse is seen as something people have less personal choice over.
Many other forms are either not visible externally or they may be noticed only when someone has to perform some physical task, like running or lifting something.