Yup and look at their birth rates. Companies/Countries are screwing themselves by not allowing flexibility to raise a family during their workers 20s and 30s.
yeah and I imagine the costs balloon if you need childcare 10-12 hours a day instead of 5 or 6. In Japan they work sort of insane hours so that's why I say 12. We're able to survive on only 6 hours a day by aligning our schedules to offset but if we're both in the office FT then that's no longer an option and the childcare costs would double for us.
The US isn't much better. We're also below the replacement rate. We're just not as xenophobic with our immigration. Which is saying something.