Science fiction is always really hard, because when you think about it, many of the cultural references of today would be baffling to people 200 years ago. But when we write a story that takes place 200 years in the future, the references can’t be baffling to the reader, first because then the story wouldn’t make sense, but also because nobody is so creative that they can invent 200 years of actual culture. So, they pretty much always use events and themes from current and past events and then re-interpret them in creative ways.
Dune is no different- and I love the book but is there another resource you can think of that is found buried in the desert that is needed for transportation that western powers fight wars over?