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Nope, not a US term. I've found it in a couple dictionaries as a UK term for "freshman", which is a similar idea but not quite the usage in OP.

The equivalent that I've usually heard in the US is "recent graduate", rather than just "graduate".

As a US developer for nearly 25 years, I've never heard this term used in business context. I'd call them a graduate as well.

Recent (this generation) Indian immigrants to the US use the term in my experience. I've never heard anyone else say it.

It's mostly a South Asian centric term.

It's a very US centric term

You've never heard of "freshers week"? That being said, I've never heard the term used to refer to anything other than university students.

I live in the US and have never heard of it.

not a US term. SE Asian.

"Fresher" + "100 people on the call" immediately makes me think Tata or Cognizant.